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perf-web-optimization

Optimize web performance: bundle size, images, caching, lazy loading, and overall page speed. Use when site is slow, reducing bundle size, fixing la…

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技能内容

Web Performance Optimization

Systematic approach: Measure → Identify → Prioritize → Implement → Verify.

Target Metrics

| Metric | Good | Needs Work | Poor |

| ------ | ------- | ---------- | ------- |

| LCP | < 2.5s | 2.5-4s | > 4s |

| INP | < 200ms | 200-500ms | > 500ms |

| CLS | < 0.1 | 0.1-0.25 | > 0.25 |

| TTFB | < 800ms | 800ms-1.8s | > 1.8s |

Quick Wins

1. Images (usually biggest impact on LCP)

<!-- Hero/LCP image: eager + high priority -->
<img src="/hero.webp" alt="Hero" width="1200" height="600" loading="eager" fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" />

<!-- Below fold: lazy load -->
<img src="/product.webp" alt="Product" width="400" height="300" loading="lazy" decoding="async" />

Always set width and height to prevent CLS.

2. Fonts (common LCP/CLS culprit)

<!-- Preconnect to font origin -->
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin />

<!-- Non-blocking font load -->
<link
  rel="stylesheet"
  href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Inter&display=swap"
  media="print"
  onload="this.media='all'"
/>

3. Third-party Scripts (common INP killer)

<!-- Defer to user interaction -->
<script>
  function loadThirdParty() {
    // Load analytics, chat widgets, etc.
  }
  ;['scroll', 'click', 'touchstart'].forEach((e) => addEventListener(e, loadThirdParty, { once: true, passive: true }))
  setTimeout(loadThirdParty, 5000)
</script>

4. Critical CSS

Inline critical CSS in <head>, defer the rest:

<style>
  /* critical styles */
</style>
<link rel="preload" href="/styles.css" as="style" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'" />

Bundle Analysis

# Webpack
npx webpack-bundle-analyzer dist/stats.json

# Vite
npx vite-bundle-visualizer

# Check package size before installing
npx bundlephobia <package-name>

Common heavy packages to replace:

  • moment (67KB) → date-fns (12KB) or dayjs (2KB)
  • lodash (72KB) → cherry-pick imports or native methods

Code Splitting Patterns

// React lazy
const Chart = lazy(() => import('./Chart'))

// Next.js dynamic
const Admin = dynamic(() => import('./Admin'), { ssr: false })

// Vite/Rollup manual chunks
build: {
  rollupOptions: {
    output: {
      manualChunks: {
        vendor: ['react', 'react-dom']
      }
    }
  }
}

Caching Headers

# Static assets (immutable hash in filename)
Cache-Control: public, max-age=31536000, immutable

# HTML (revalidate)
Cache-Control: no-cache

# API responses
Cache-Control: private, max-age=0, must-revalidate

Measurement

For running audits, reading reports, and setting budgets, use the perf-lighthouse skill.

Checklist

Images

  • [ ] Modern formats (WebP/AVIF)
  • [ ] Responsive srcset
  • [ ] width/height attributes
  • [ ] loading="lazy" below fold
  • [ ] fetchpriority="high" on LCP image

JavaScript

  • [ ] Bundle < 200KB gzipped
  • [ ] Code splitting by route
  • [ ] Third-party scripts deferred
  • [ ] No unused dependencies

CSS

  • [ ] Critical CSS inlined
  • [ ] Non-critical CSS deferred
  • [ ] No unused CSS

Fonts

  • [ ] font-display: swap
  • [ ] Preconnect to font origin
  • [ ] Subset if possible

Detailed Examples

For in-depth optimization patterns, see:

  • [references/core-web-vitals.md](references/core-web-vitals.md) - Fixing LCP, CLS, INP issues
  • [references/bundle-optimization.md](references/bundle-optimization.md) - Reducing JS bundle size
  • [references/image-optimization.md](references/image-optimization.md) - Image formats, responsive images, sharp scripts

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