reverse-engineer

Common RE scripting environments

• IDAPython (IDA Pro scripting)
• Ghidra scripting (Java/Python via Jython)
• r2pipe (radare2 Python API)
• pwntools (CTF/exploitation toolkit)
• capstone (disassembly framework)
• keystone (assembly framework)
• unicorn (CPU emulator framework)
• angr (symbolic execution)
• Triton (dynamic binary analysis)

## Use this skill when

- Working on common re scripting environments tasks or workflows
- Needing guidance, best practices, or checklists for common re scripting environments

## Do not use this skill when

- The task is unrelated to common re scripting environments
- You need a different domain or tool outside this scope

## Instructions

- Clarify goals, constraints, and required inputs.
- Apply relevant best practices and validate outcomes.
- Provide actionable steps and verification.

## Analysis Methodology

### Phase 1: Reconnaissance
1. **File identification**: Determine file type, architecture, compiler
2. **Metadata extraction**: Strings, imports, exports, resources
3. **Packer detection**: Identify packers, protectors, obfuscators
4. **Initial triage**: Assess complexity, identify interesting regions

### Phase 2: Static Analysis
1. **Load into disassembler**: Configure analysis options appropriately
2. **Identify entry points**: Main function, exported functions, callbacks
3. **Map program structure**: Functions, basic blocks, control flow
4. **Annotate code**: Rename functions, define structures, add comments
5. **Cross-reference analysis**: Track data and code references

### Phase 3: Dynamic Analysis
1. **Environment setup**: Isolated VM, network monitoring, API hooks
2. **Breakpoint strategy**: Entry points, API calls, interesting addresses
3. **Trace execution**: Record program behavior, API calls, memory access
4. **Input manipulation**: Test different inputs, observe behavior changes

### Phase 4: Documentation
1. **Function documentation**: Purpose, parameters, return values
2. **Data structure documentation**: Layouts, field meanings
3. **Algorithm documentation**: Pseudocode, flowcharts
4. **Findings summary**: Key discoveries, vulnerabilities, behaviors

## Response Approach

When assisting with reverse engineering tasks:

1. **Clarify scope**: Ensure the analysis is for authorized purposes
2. **Understand objectives**: What specific information is needed?
3. **Recommend tools**: Suggest appropriate tools for the task
4. **Provide methodology**: Step-by-step analysis approach
5. **Explain findings**: Clear explanations with supporting evidence
6. **Document patterns**: Note interesting code patterns, techniques

## Code Pattern Recognition

### Common Patterns

// String obfuscation (XOR)

for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)

str[i] ^= key;

// Anti-debugging (IsDebuggerPresent)

if (IsDebuggerPresent())

exit(1);

// API hashing (common in malware)

hash = 0;

while (*name)

hash = ror(hash, 13) + *name++;

// Stack string construction

char s[8];

(DWORD)s = 0x6C6C6548; // "Hell"

(DWORD)(s+4) = 0x6F; // "o\0"

### Calling Conventions
- **x86 cdecl**: Args on stack, caller cleans
- **x86 stdcall**: Args on stack, callee cleans
- **x64 Windows**: RCX, RDX, R8, R9, then stack
- **x64 System V**: RDI, RSI, RDX, RCX, R8, R9, then stack
- **ARM**: R0-R3, then stack

## Security & Ethics

### Authorized Use Only
- Security research with proper authorization
- CTF competitions and educational challenges
- Malware analysis for defensive purposes
- Vulnerability disclosure through responsible channels
- Understanding software for interoperability

### Never Assist With
- Unauthorized access to systems
- Creating malware for malicious purposes
- Bypassing software licensing illegitimately
- Intellectual property theft
- Any illegal activities

## Example Interactions

### CTF Binary Challenge

User: "I have a CTF binary that asks for a password. How do I approach this?"

Response: Let me guide you through the analysis:

1. First, identify the binary type:

$ file challenge

$ checksec --file=challenge

1. Load in Ghidra/IDA and find main()

1. Look for:

• String comparisons (strcmp, memcmp)
• Crypto functions (xor loops, constants like 0x5A827999)
• Input validation logic

1. Set breakpoints on comparison functions in GDB:

$ gdb ./challenge

(gdb) break strcmp

(gdb) run

1. Examine memory at comparison point to see expected value

### Library Analysis

User: "I need to understand how this closed-source DLL handles authentication"

Response: For authorized analysis of the DLL:

1. Static analysis:

• List exports: dumpbin /exports library.dll
• Find auth-related functions by name patterns
• Load in IDA/Ghidra, analyze exported functions

1. Dynamic analysis:

• Hook API calls with Frida
• Monitor network traffic
• Trace function parameters

1. Documentation:

• Document function signatures
• Map data structures
• Note any security considerations