salesforce-component-standards

Salesforce Component Quality Standards

Apply these checks to every LWC, Aura component, and Visualforce page you write or review.

Section 1 — LWC Quality Standards

1.1 Data Access Pattern Selection

Choose the right data access pattern before writing JavaScript controller code:

| Use case | Pattern | Why |

|---|---|---|

| Read a single record reactively (follows navigation) | @wire(getRecord, { recordId, fields }) | Lightning Data Service — cached, reactive |

| Standard CRUD form for a single object | <lightning-record-form> or <lightning-record-edit-form> | Built-in FLS, CRUD, and accessibility |

| Complex server query or filtered list | @wire(apexMethodName, { param }) on a cacheable=true method | Allows caching; wire re-fires on param change |

| User-triggered action, DML, or non-cacheable server call | Imperative apexMethodName(params).then(...).catch(...) | Required for DML — wired methods cannot be @AuraEnabled without cacheable=true |

| Cross-component communication (no shared parent) | Lightning Message Service (LMS) | Decoupled, works across DOM boundaries |

| Multi-object graph relationships | GraphQL @wire(gql, { query, variables }) | Single round-trip for complex related data |

1.2 Security Rules

| Rule | Enforcement |

|---|---|

| No raw user data in innerHTML | Use {expression} binding in the template — the framework auto-escapes. Never use this.template.querySelector('.el').innerHTML = userValue |

| Apex @AuraEnabled methods enforce CRUD/FLS | Use WITH USER_MODE in SOQL or explicit Schema.sObjectType checks |

| No hardcoded org-specific IDs in component JavaScript | Query or pass as a prop — never embed record IDs in source |

| @api properties from parent: validate before use | A parent can pass anything — validate type and range before using as a query parameter |

1.3 SLDS 2 and Styling Standards

• Never hardcode colours: color: #FF3366 → use color: var(--slds-c-button-brand-color-background) or a semantic SLDS token.
• Never override SLDS classes with !important — compose with custom CSS properties.
• Use <lightning-*> base components wherever they exist: lightning-button, lightning-input, lightning-datatable, lightning-card, etc.
• Base components include built-in SLDS 2, dark mode, and accessibility — avoid reimplementing their behaviour.
• If using custom CSS, test in both light mode and dark mode before declaring done.

1.4 Accessibility Requirements (WCAG 2.1 AA)

Every LWC component must pass all of these before it is considered done:

• [ ] All form inputs have <label> or aria-label — never use placeholder as the only label
• [ ] All icon-only buttons have alternative-text or aria-label describing the action
• [ ] All interactive elements are reachable and operable by keyboard (Tab, Enter, Space, Escape)
• [ ] Colour is not the only means of conveying status — pair with text, icon, or aria-* attributes
• [ ] Error messages are associated with their input via aria-describedby
• [ ] Focus management is correct in modals — focus moves into the modal on open and back on close

1.5 Component Communication Rules

| Direction | Mechanism |

|---|---|

| Parent → Child | @api property or calling a @api method |

| Child → Parent | CustomEvent — this.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('eventname', { detail: data })) |

| Sibling / unrelated components | Lightning Message Service (LMS) |

| Never use | document.querySelector, window.*, or Pub/Sub libraries |

For Flow screen components:

• Events that need to reach the Flow runtime must set bubbles: true and composed: true.
• Expose @api value for two-way binding with the Flow variable.

1.6 JavaScript Performance Rules

• No side effects in connectedCallback: it runs on every DOM attach — avoid DML, heavy computation, or rendering state mutations here.
• Guard renderedCallback: always use a boolean guard to prevent infinite render loops.
• Avoid reactive property traps: setting a reactive property inside renderedCallback causes a re-render — use it only when necessary and guarded.
• Do not store large datasets in component state — paginate or stream large results instead.

1.7 Jest Test Requirements

Every component that handles user interaction or retrieves Apex data must have a Jest test:

// Minimum test coverage expectations
it('renders the component with correct title', async () => { ... });
it('calls apex method and displays results', async () => { ... });  // Wire mock
it('dispatches event when button is clicked', async () => { ... });
it('shows error state when apex call fails', async () => { ... }); // Error path

Use @salesforce/sfdx-lwc-jest mocking utilities:

• wire adapter mocking: setImmediate + emit({ data, error })
• Apex method mocking: jest.mock('@salesforce/apex/MyClass.myMethod', ...)

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Section 2 — Aura Component Standards

2.1 When to Use Aura vs LWC

• New components: always LWC unless the target context is Aura-only (e.g. extending force:appPage, using Aura-specific events in a legacy managed package).
• Migrating Aura to LWC: prefer LWC, migrate component-by-component; LWC can be embedded inside Aura components.

2.2 Aura Security Rules

• @AuraEnabled controller methods must declare with sharing and enforce CRUD/FLS — Aura does not enforce them automatically.
• Never use {!v.something} with unescaped user data in <div> unbound helpers — use <ui:outputText value="{!v.text}" /> or <c:something> to escape.
• Validate all inputs from component attributes before using them in SOQL / Apex logic.

2.3 Aura Event Design

• Component events for parent-child communication — lowest scope.
• Application events only when component events cannot reach the target — they broadcast to the entire app and can be a performance and maintenance problem.
• For hybrid LWC + Aura stacks: use Lightning Message Service to decouple communication — do not rely on Aura application events reaching LWC components.

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Section 3 — Visualforce Security Standards

3.1 XSS Prevention

<!-- ❌ NEVER — renders raw user input as HTML -->
<apex:outputText value="{!userInput}" escape="false" />

<!-- ✅ ALWAYS — auto-escaping on -->
<apex:outputText value="{!userInput}" />
<!-- Default escape="true" — platform HTML-encodes the output -->

Rule: escape="false" is never acceptable for user-controlled data. If rich text must be rendered, sanitise server-side with a whitelist before output.

3.2 CSRF Protection

Use <apex:form> for all postback actions — the platform injects a CSRF token automatically into the form. Do not use raw <form method="POST"> HTML elements, which bypass CSRF protection.

3.3 SOQL Injection Prevention in Controllers

// ❌ NEVER
String soql = 'SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name = \'' + ApexPages.currentPage().getParameters().get('name') + '\'';
List<Account> results = Database.query(soql);

// ✅ ALWAYS — bind variable
String nameParam = ApexPages.currentPage().getParameters().get('name');
List<Account> results = [SELECT Id FROM Account WHERE Name = :nameParam];

3.4 View State Management Checklist

• [ ] View state is under 135 KB (check in browser developer tools or the Salesforce View State tab)
• [ ] Fields used only for server-side calculations are declared transient
• [ ] Large collections are not persisted across postbacks unnecessarily
• [ ] readonly="true" is set on <apex:page> for read-only pages to skip view-state serialisation

3.5 FLS / CRUD in Visualforce Controllers

// Before reading a field
if (!Schema.sObjectType.Account.fields.Revenue__c.isAccessible()) {
    ApexPages.addMessage(new ApexPages.Message(ApexPages.Severity.ERROR, 'You do not have access to this field.'));
    return null;
}

// Before performing DML
if (!Schema.sObjectType.Account.isDeletable()) {
    throw new System.NoAccessException();
}

Standard controllers enforce FLS for bound fields automatically. Custom controllers do not — FLS must be enforced manually.

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Quick Reference — Component Anti-Patterns Summary

| Anti-pattern | Technology | Risk | Fix |

|---|---|---|---|

| innerHTML with user data | LWC | XSS | Use template bindings {expression} |

| Hardcoded hex colours | LWC/Aura | Dark-mode / SLDS 2 break | Use SLDS CSS custom properties |

| Missing aria-label on icon buttons | LWC/Aura/VF | Accessibility failure | Add alternative-text or aria-label |

| No guard in renderedCallback | LWC | Infinite rerender loop | Add hasRendered boolean guard |

| Application event for parent-child | Aura | Unnecessary broadcast scope | Use component event instead |

| escape="false" on user data | Visualforce | XSS | Remove — use default escaping |

| Raw <form> postback | Visualforce | CSRF vulnerability | Use <apex:form> |

| No with sharing on custom controller | VF / Apex | Data exposure | Add with sharing declaration |

| FLS not checked in custom controller | VF / Apex | Privilege escalation | Add Schema.sObjectType checks |

| SOQL concatenated with URL param | VF / Apex | SOQL injection | Use bind variables |