ux-researcher-designer
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技能内容
UX Researcher & Designer
Generate user personas from research data, create journey maps, plan usability tests, and synthesize research findings into actionable design recommendations.
Table of Contents
- [Trigger Terms](#trigger-terms)
- [Workflows](#workflows)
- [Workflow 1: Generate User Persona](#workflow-1-generate-user-persona)
- [Workflow 2: Create Journey Map](#workflow-2-create-journey-map)
- [Workflow 3: Plan Usability Test](#workflow-3-plan-usability-test)
- [Workflow 4: Synthesize Research](#workflow-4-synthesize-research)
- [Tool Reference](#tool-reference)
- [Quick Reference Tables](#quick-reference-tables)
- [Knowledge Base](#knowledge-base)
Trigger Terms
Use this skill when you need to:
- "create user persona"
- "generate persona from data"
- "build customer journey map"
- "map user journey"
- "plan usability test"
- "design usability study"
- "analyze user research"
- "synthesize interview findings"
- "identify user pain points"
- "define user archetypes"
- "calculate research sample size"
- "create empathy map"
- "identify user needs"
Clarify First
Before generating the research artifact, confirm these inputs. If any is unknown or vague, ASK — do not assume:
- [ ] Which deliverable — persona, journey map, usability test plan, or research synthesis (sets which workflow and template applies)
- [ ] Available data and volume — analytics/interviews/surveys and how many users (drives persona confidence and proto- vs data-driven persona)
- [ ] The user goal and scope — the persona, the goal being mapped, and start/end (drives journey-map stages and research questions)
Stop rule: ask only the 2-3 that most change the output. If the user says "just draft it," proceed and list your assumptions at the top of the artifact.
Workflows
Workflow 1: Generate User Persona
Situation: You have user data (analytics, surveys, interviews) and need to create a research-backed persona.
Steps:
- Prepare user data
Required format (JSON):
[
{
"user_id": "user_1",
"age": 32,
"usage_frequency": "daily",
"features_used": ["dashboard", "reports", "export"],
"primary_device": "desktop",
"usage_context": "work",
"tech_proficiency": 7,
"pain_points": ["slow loading", "confusing UI"]
}
]
- Run persona generator
# Human-readable output
python scripts/persona_generator.py
# JSON output for integration
python scripts/persona_generator.py json
- Review generated components
| Component | What to Check |
|-----------|---------------|
| Archetype | Does it match the data patterns? |
| Demographics | Are they derived from actual data? |
| Goals | Are they specific and actionable? |
| Frustrations | Do they include frequency counts? |
| Design implications | Can designers act on these? |
- Validate persona
- Show to 3-5 real users: "Does this sound like you?"
- Cross-check with support tickets
- Verify against analytics data
- Reference: See
references/persona-methodology.mdfor validity criteria
Proto-Persona Canvas (Lightweight Alternative)
When you lack research data but need a hypothesis-driven persona to align the team, use a proto-persona canvas. Proto-personas are assumption tools -- not validated truth -- meant to be tested and refined.
Use when: Starting a new initiative with no research budget, aligning a cross-functional team quickly, or creating a testable hypothesis about your user.
Proto-Persona Canvas Template:
### [Alliterative Name] (e.g., "Careful Carlos")
**Bio & Demographics:**
- Age, geography, social status, career stage
- Online presence, leisure activities, partner status
**Quotes** (what they say, feel, think):
- "[Direct quote capturing their perspective]"
- "[Quote revealing frustration or aspiration]"
**Pains:**
- [Pain related to the problem space]
- [Pain related to current workarounds]
**What They're Trying to Accomplish:**
- [Observable behavior 1]
- [Observable behavior 2]
**Goals** (wants, needs, dreams):
- [Short-term goal]
- [Long-term aspiration]
**Attitudes & Influences:**
- Decision Making Authority: [Can they buy/adopt your solution?]
- Decision Influencers: [Who influences their decisions?]
- Beliefs & Attitudes: [What beliefs impact their choices?]
**Assumptions to Validate:**
- [Top assumption that must be true for this persona to be viable]
- [Second assumption]
- [Third assumption]
Next steps after proto-persona:
- Generate interview questions to validate assumptions (Recommended)
- Generate an anti-persona to define scope boundaries
- Convert into a one-page stakeholder brief
Workflow 2: Create Journey Map
Situation: You need to visualize the end-to-end user experience for a specific goal.
Steps:
- Define scope
| Element | Description |
|---------|-------------|
| Persona | Which user type |
| Goal | What they're trying to achieve |
| Start | Trigger that begins journey |
| End | Success criteria |
| Timeframe | Hours/days/weeks |
- Gather journey data
Sources:
- User interviews (ask "walk me through...")
- Session recordings
- Analytics (funnel, drop-offs)
- Support tickets
- Map the stages
Typical B2B SaaS stages:
Awareness → Evaluation → Onboarding → Adoption → Advocacy
- Fill in layers for each stage
Stage: [Name]
├── Actions: What does user do?
├── Touchpoints: Where do they interact?
├── Emotions: How do they feel? (1-5)
├── Pain Points: What frustrates them?
└── Opportunities: Where can we improve?
- Map three experience paths (not just the happy path)
| Stage | Happy Path | Fail Path | Difficult Path |
|---|---|---|---|
| Awareness | Finds product via search | Never discovers product | Finds competitor first |
| Consideration | Clear value proposition | Confused by pricing | Needs manager approval |
| Decision | Easy signup flow | Form errors, abandons | Legal review delays |
| Delivery & Use | Smooth onboarding | Can't import data | Workaround needed |
| Loyalty | Becomes advocate | Churns silently | Stays but complains |
- Happy Path: Everything works as designed.
- Fail Path: User cannot complete their goal and drops off.
- Difficult Path: User completes the goal but with friction, workarounds, or frustration.
- Add KPIs and ownership per stage
| Stage | Leading KPI | Lagging KPI | Team Owner |
|---|---|---|---|
| Awareness | Site visits, ad impressions | Brand recall | Marketing |
| Consideration | Demo requests, pricing page views | MQL conversion | Marketing/Sales |
| Decision | Trial starts, contract sent | Close rate | Sales |
| Use | Feature adoption, DAU | Retention rate | Product |
| Loyalty | NPS, referral count | LTV, expansion revenue | Customer Success |
- Identify top friction points and interventions
For each friction point, document:
| Friction Point | Why It Matters | Intervention | Expected Impact | Effort | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [Description] | [User/business impact] | [Proposed fix] | High/Med/Low | S/M/L | High/Med/Low |
Priority Score = Frequency x Severity x Solvability
- Reference: See
references/journey-mapping-guide.mdfor templates
Workflow 3: Plan Usability Test
Situation: You need to validate a design with real users.
Steps:
- Define research questions
Transform vague goals into testable questions:
| Vague | Testable |
|-------|----------|
| "Is it easy to use?" | "Can users complete checkout in <3 min?" |
| "Do users like it?" | "Will users choose Design A or B?" |
| "Does it make sense?" | "Can users find settings without hints?" |
- Select method
| Method | Participants | Duration | Best For |
|--------|--------------|----------|----------|
| Moderated remote | 5-8 | 45-60 min | Deep insights |
| Unmoderated remote | 10-20 | 15-20 min | Quick validation |
| Guerrilla | 3-5 | 5-10 min | Rapid feedback |
- Design tasks
Good task format:
SCENARIO: "Imagine you're planning a trip to Paris..."
GOAL: "Book a hotel for 3 nights in your budget."
SUCCESS: "You see the confirmation page."
Task progression: Warm-up → Core → Secondary → Edge case → Free exploration
- Define success metrics
| Metric | Target |
|--------|--------|
| Completion rate | >80% |
| Time on task | <2× expected |
| Error rate | <15% |
| Satisfaction | >4/5 |
- Prepare moderator guide
- Think-aloud instructions
- Non-leading prompts
- Post-task questions
- Reference: See
references/usability-testing-frameworks.mdfor full guide
Workflow 4: Synthesize Research
Situation: You have raw research data (interviews, surveys, observations) and need actionable insights.
Steps:
- Code the data
Tag each data point:
[GOAL]- What they want to achieve[PAIN]- What frustrates them[BEHAVIOR]- What they actually do[CONTEXT]- When/where they use product[QUOTE]- Direct user words
- Cluster similar patterns
User A: Uses daily, advanced features, shortcuts
User B: Uses daily, complex workflows, automation
User C: Uses weekly, basic needs, occasional
Cluster 1: A, B (Power Users)
Cluster 2: C (Casual User)
- Calculate segment sizes
| Cluster | Users | % | Viability |
|---------|-------|---|-----------|
| Power Users | 18 | 36% | Primary persona |
| Business Users | 15 | 30% | Primary persona |
| Casual Users | 12 | 24% | Secondary persona |
- Extract key findings
For each theme:
- Finding statement
- Supporting evidence (quotes, data)
- Frequency (X/Y participants)
- Business impact
- Recommendation
- Prioritize opportunities
| Factor | Score 1-5 |
|--------|-----------|
| Frequency | How often does this occur? |
| Severity | How much does it hurt? |
| Breadth | How many users affected? |
| Solvability | Can we fix this? |
- Reference: See
references/persona-methodology.mdfor analysis framework
Tool Reference
persona_generator.py
Generates data-driven personas from user research data.
| Argument | Values | Default | Description |
|----------|--------|---------|-------------|
| format | (none), json | (none) | Output format |
Sample Output:
============================================================
PERSONA: Alex the Power User
============================================================
📝 A daily user who primarily uses the product for work purposes
Archetype: Power User
Quote: "I need tools that can keep up with my workflow"
👤 Demographics:
• Age Range: 25-34
• Location Type: Urban
• Tech Proficiency: Advanced
🎯 Goals & Needs:
• Complete tasks efficiently
• Automate workflows
• Access advanced features
😤 Frustrations:
• Slow loading times (14/20 users)
• No keyboard shortcuts
• Limited API access
💡 Design Implications:
→ Optimize for speed and efficiency
→ Provide keyboard shortcuts and power features
→ Expose API and automation capabilities
📈 Data: Based on 45 users
Confidence: High
Archetypes Generated:
| Archetype | Signals | Design Focus |
|-----------|---------|--------------|
| power_user | Daily use, 10+ features | Efficiency, customization |
| casual_user | Weekly use, 3-5 features | Simplicity, guidance |
| business_user | Work context, team use | Collaboration, reporting |
| mobile_first | Mobile primary | Touch, offline, speed |
Output Components:
| Component | Description |
|-----------|-------------|
| demographics | Age range, location, occupation, tech level |
| psychographics | Motivations, values, attitudes, lifestyle |
| behaviors | Usage patterns, feature preferences |
| needs_and_goals | Primary, secondary, functional, emotional |
| frustrations | Pain points with evidence |
| scenarios | Contextual usage stories |
| design_implications | Actionable recommendations |
| data_points | Sample size, confidence level |
Quick Reference Tables
Research Method Selection
| Question Type | Best Method | Sample Size |
|---------------|-------------|-------------|
| "What do users do?" | Analytics, observation | 100+ events |
| "Why do they do it?" | Interviews | 8-15 users |
| "How well can they do it?" | Usability test | 5-8 users |
| "What do they prefer?" | Survey, A/B test | 50+ users |
| "What do they feel?" | Diary study, interviews | 10-15 users |
Persona Confidence Levels
| Sample Size | Confidence | Use Case |
|-------------|------------|----------|
| 5-10 users | Low | Exploratory |
| 11-30 users | Medium | Directional |
| 31+ users | High | Production |
Usability Issue Severity
| Severity | Definition | Action |
|----------|------------|--------|
| 4 - Critical | Prevents task completion | Fix immediately |
| 3 - Major | Significant difficulty | Fix before release |
| 2 - Minor | Causes hesitation | Fix when possible |
| 1 - Cosmetic | Noticed but not problematic | Low priority |
Interview Question Types
| Type | Example | Use For |
|------|---------|---------|
| Context | "Walk me through your typical day" | Understanding environment |
| Behavior | "Show me how you do X" | Observing actual actions |
| Goals | "What are you trying to achieve?" | Uncovering motivations |
| Pain | "What's the hardest part?" | Identifying frustrations |
| Reflection | "What would you change?" | Generating ideas |
Knowledge Base
Detailed reference guides in references/:
| File | Content |
|------|---------|
| persona-methodology.md | Validity criteria, data collection, analysis framework |
| journey-mapping-guide.md | Mapping process, templates, opportunity identification |
| example-personas.md | 3 complete persona examples with data |
| usability-testing-frameworks.md | Test planning, task design, analysis |
Validation Checklist
Persona Quality
- [ ] Based on 20+ users (minimum)
- [ ] At least 2 data sources (quant + qual)
- [ ] Specific, actionable goals
- [ ] Frustrations include frequency counts
- [ ] Design implications are specific
- [ ] Confidence level stated
Journey Map Quality
- [ ] Scope clearly defined (persona, goal, timeframe)
- [ ] Based on real user data, not assumptions
- [ ] All layers filled (actions, touchpoints, emotions)
- [ ] Pain points identified per stage
- [ ] Opportunities prioritized
Usability Test Quality
- [ ] Research questions are testable
- [ ] Tasks are realistic scenarios, not instructions
- [ ] 5+ participants per design
- [ ] Success metrics defined
- [ ] Findings include severity ratings
Research Synthesis Quality
- [ ] Data coded consistently
- [ ] Patterns based on 3+ data points
- [ ] Findings include evidence
- [ ] Recommendations are actionable
- [ ] Priorities justified
Tool Reference
persona_generator.py
Generates data-driven personas from user research data, classifying users into archetypes with demographics, psychographics, behaviors, goals, frustrations, and design implications.
| Argument | Type | Default | Description |
|----------|------|---------|-------------|
| format | positional | (none) | Add json for JSON output; omit for human-readable |
Archetypes supported: power_user, casual_user, business_user, mobile_first
Output components: name, archetype, tagline, quote, demographics, psychographics, behaviors, needs_and_goals, frustrations, scenarios, data_points, design_implications
python scripts/persona_generator.py # Human-readable formatted output
python scripts/persona_generator.py json # JSON for programmatic use
Data input format (customize in script):
[{
"user_id": "user_1",
"age": 32,
"usage_frequency": "daily",
"features_used": ["dashboard", "reports", "export"],
"primary_device": "desktop",
"usage_context": "work",
"tech_proficiency": 7,
"pain_points": ["slow loading", "confusing UI"]
}]
Troubleshooting
| Problem | Cause | Solution |
|---------|-------|----------|
| Persona confidence level is "Low" | Fewer than 20 users in sample data | Collect more data points; combine quantitative analytics with qualitative interviews |
| All users classified as same archetype | Insufficient variation in input data | Ensure data includes diverse usage frequencies, devices, and contexts |
| Frustrations are generic (fallback defaults) | Not enough pain_points in user data | Enrich user data with pain_points from interviews and support tickets |
| Design implications too vague | Patterns don't strongly differentiate | Add more behavioral signals (features_used, session duration, task completion) |
| Journey map has flat emotion curve | All stages scored similarly | Re-evaluate with actual user data; conduct contextual interviews per stage |
| Usability test sample too small | Fewer than 5 participants | 5 participants find ~85% of usability issues; recruit to minimum 5 |
| Research synthesis has no clear patterns | Data not coded consistently | Use consistent tagging scheme (GOAL, PAIN, BEHAVIOR, CONTEXT, QUOTE) |
Success Criteria
| Criterion | Target | How to Measure |
|-----------|--------|----------------|
| Persona validity | Validated by 3+ real users ("sounds like me") | Post-creation validation interviews |
| Persona coverage | All key segments represented | Count of personas vs identified user segments |
| Data confidence level | "High" (31+ users) | persona_generator data_points.confidence_level |
| Research cadence | 5-8 interviews per segment per quarter | Count of completed research sessions |
| Insight-to-action rate | >70% of findings result in design changes | Track findings through to implementation |
| Usability issue resolution | All critical/major issues fixed before release | Issue severity tracking |
| Journey map freshness | Updated at least quarterly | Last-updated date on each journey map |
Scope & Limitations
In scope:
- Data-driven persona generation from user research
- Archetype classification (power, casual, business, mobile-first)
- User journey mapping frameworks
- Usability test planning and scoring
- Research synthesis and coding methodology
- Interview question frameworks
- Empathy map and opportunity identification
Out of scope:
- Automated user interview recording/transcription
- Real-time analytics integration (use analytics platforms)
- Quantitative survey design and distribution (use Typeform/SurveyMonkey)
- Eye tracking or biometric data analysis
- AI-powered sentiment analysis (tool uses heuristic classification)
- Persona illustration or visual asset generation
- Accessibility auditing (see product-designer or design-system-lead skills)
Integration Points
| Tool / Platform | Integration Method | Use Case |
|-----------------|-------------------|----------|
| Dovetail / Condens | Export research data, import persona JSON | Centralize research insights |
| Figma / Miro | Paste persona output as design artifact | Reference personas during design work |
| Notion / Confluence | Human-readable output | Document and share personas with team |
| product-manager-toolkit | Persona pain points inform RICE scoring | Connect user needs to feature prioritization |
| agile-product-owner | Persona data informs user story personas | Write stories grounded in research |
| product-designer | Persona feeds into journey mapping and usability test recruitment | End-to-end design research workflow |
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